Fluid system



G. G. EARL FLUID SYSTEM Jan. 28, 1930.

Filed April 7, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet l T K l MW T m V.;? m w A E: F.. m YE 1 HIS ATTORNEYS Jan. 28, 1930. EARL 1,744,872

FLUID SYSTEM- Filed A ril-7. 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 'F/ J 4 qEoRqE q.EARL INVFJVTOR.

BY \W ms ATTORNEY FLUID SYSTEM Filed April 7, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Z7 5I Q; I

GEORGE q. EARL INVENTOR.

BY M +8 ms ATTORNEYS Jan. 28, 1930. EARL 1,744,872

' FLUID SYSTEM Filed April 7. 1922 4 sheets-sheet 4 qEoRq q. EARLINVENTOR.

BY WW Has ATTORNEYS Patented Jan. 1930 emma eoomum man, or m cums, mommai nun) 'stsrmr Application fled April 7, 1988. Serial Ho. 550,540.

This invention relates to fluid systems and in general pertains to thegovernin in a simple manner, of fluid flows passing t rough a conduit,and by means of apparatus which will operate posltively and with littleattention for long periods of time, and without derangement of the arts.

An object of my invention is to control a relatively large main flow offluid, which may be variable, by a system of control involving asecondary flow herein called an actuating flow, which may be made-proportional to the main flow, and by suitably regulating the main flowby governing apparatus comprising apparatus operating under the controlof the said actuatmg flow.

Another object of my invention is to provide a plurality of pat ways forfluid flows, the flow of fluid therethrough being .gov-

'20 erned by balancing pressures from each of the flows to actuate anequal pressure movable division in order to maintain said flowsproportional to one another at one point 1n the pathway of the flows. In-accomplish- 2 ing this I maintain the pressure of said flows equal toeach other at one point in their pathwa or to govern the rate of fiowofone of sai flows at one point in its pathway by the rate of flow of theother of said flows.

Other objects of my invention comprise the provision preferably of someform of diaphragm operated balanced valve as a throttle valve on themain flow, weighted to close at asmall difference of pressure on its twosides, in allowing any fluid pressure whose range of variation is withinthe required limits 'tooact onone side of said diaphragm, and ofproviding a secondary flow which may be by-passed from the main flowaround said throttle, or may either originate or terminate in the mainflow orv may be independent of the main flow both as to source andoutlet; this secondary, flow- I call the actuating flow, and by itsregulation, from pressure operated members connected with the main flow,I cause this actuating flow to be proportional to the main flow, and togovern the main flow either inamount or 1n pressure maintained oromitting the proportionality of the two fiows,'to govern the main floweither in rate or ressure, the government being based upon t e relativerate of ingress to and egress from the actuating pressure system t roughwhich the actuating flow is passed, wherein its pressure acts on oneside of the actuating diaphra m. I may also accomplish these same res tswith an actuatng piston or float instead of with an actuat- V, mgdlaphragm, and I may employ a main throttle weighted to o 11 instead ofto close, when the pressure di erence which operates 1t is small, and Iaccomplish these results with either by-passed, withdrawn, introduced,or parallel actuating flows.

In the said illustrated systems of my pree5 viously filed co-pendingapplications, I have disclosed means whereby a portion of a main flow 1sby-passed and the by-passed portion of the flow is caused to operate athrottling valve 1n the main flow conduit'and I find that thls sameinventive thought can be employed in practically all cases where theflow or pressure absorption of the main flow to be governed 15 too largeor variable to be handled by an equal pressure division or equivalentfloat, both for proportional flows and for any form of pressure ordiflerence of pressure regulation, such a system as is hereincontemplated possesses the following advantages, the securing of whichadvantages are among the object of my present invention, for 1nstance,

Firstthe entire elimination of a third lugh pressure -flow and pipesystem,

Secondprevention of any possibility of over-reaching,

Third-for proportional flows the maintenance of proportionality at allconditions of operation,

Fourthmuch greater simplicity in adjustment and operation.

Another object of my invention is to provide a system wherein a verysuperior result may be secured in the prevention of overreaching by thecontrolling apparatus therein enabling a very eflicient system of rateof flow regulation to be had.

Another object of my invention is to combme in 'a fluid regulatingsystem, proportional flow regulation of the small actuating flow withpressure regulation of the large flow, said flows being proportional andequal pressures at one point in the pathway of each flow beingaccomplished y suitable controlling apparatus.

My invention is of wide application and is capable of use in governingthe rates of flow or the pressure of such flows for either li uid orgases.

Ihe invention and its many ap lications will be better understood fromthe ollowing description in which reference is had to the 'drawingswherein:

Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of my invention comprising a fluid sstem wherein, a main flow of fluid is contro led by a smaller flow, saidflows being maintained proportional, by a controlling apparatusoperating under the control of pressures from the said flow and in whichapparatus over-reaching is prevented.

Fig. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of my invention wherein a varyinghigh fluid pressure is reduced to a constant lower pressure byregulation of the flow of fluid.

Fig. 3 illustrates the use of one form of rate of flow controller inwhich a pressure difference in a main conduit at separated portionsthereof is maintained equal to a predetermined pressure.

Fig. 4 illustrates a system of fluid regulation wherein an actuatingressure, so called, is maintained in a secon ary minor liquid flow,withdrawn from the main flow, which regulates the main flow so as tomaintain it at a constant pressure.

Fig. 5 illustrates a different embodiment of my invention wherein aparallel flow, maintained roportional to the main flow, but indepen entthereof, is adapted to regulate the main flow, the main flow beingregulated to maintain a constant pressure therein.

Fig. 6 illustrates another embodiment of my invention wherein a varyinghigh fluid pressure is reduced to a lower constant pressure under thecontrol of the pressure of a column of liquid.

Fig. 7 illustrates a modification of the system of Fig. 6, wherein abiasing spring or equivalent means is employed to modify the controlprovided in the system for the regulating t rottle valve.

Referring now to the drawings:

Fig. 1 ilustrates by way of example only, the invention shown inconnection with apparatus suitable for controlling the flow of waterfrom a filter. Referring to this figure of the drawings, at S is shown asource of liquid pressure, for example, water, and this is connected toa float chamber 1 through a meter 2 and pipe 3, in which is a suitablevalve 4 governed by a float 5 in the chamber 1. The float and valve areadjusted so that the level of the fluid in the chamber is along somedesired level, such as 5. The float chamber is connected through pipe 6'to pipe or conduit 7 for supplying fluid under constant pressure to thevarious controllers, one of which is indicated generally by thereference character C.

The controller arrangement consists of a duct or pipe 8 leading from thesupply pipe 7 to a meter M, which in turn is connected to a constantlevel chamber 9' suplied by the orifice 19 throu h two channels 10, 11.The channel 10 lea from the meter through a hand valve 12 and theautomatic diaphragm valve 13, while the passage 11 leads to the chamber9 through a hand operated throttling valve 14. he diaphragm valve 13 isshown as a balanced )iston arrangement connected to a flexible diaphragm15. One side, 16 of this valve is connected to pipes 17 that may extendto a master controller for regulating the movements of the diaphragm tocontrol the valve.

\Vith this construction, when the valve 14 is closed, valve 12 will beopened, and then the flow of water into the chamber 9 will be controlledby the valve 13 through the master controller. It will be understoodthat inasmuch as the chamber 18 in the diaphragm valve is connected tothe supply pi 9, the pressure from the master contro ler will maintain apressure of fluid in the supply chamber approaching orifice 19, equal toany pressure which ma exist in the master pressure pipe 17. enever it isdesired to change the method of control, valve 12 may be closed, andvalve 14 opened to throttle the flow of fluid through the orificeco-operating therewith, to ass any desired amount of fluid into thechain r 9, the rate of flow from said chamber being indicated by thedifference in pressure on the two sides of orifice 19 as shownon themanometer 20.

The chamber 9 overflows into what I call an actuating pipe 6, and thewater overflows at the constant level L. There is a constriction 19 inthe chamber 9 and a manometer 20 is connected on opposite sides of theconstriction by pipes 21 and 22, so that the difference in level betweenthe fluid in these pipes will indicate the rate of flow of water intothe actuating pipe 6, as will be clearly understood.

The apparatus to be controlled b the previously described arrangement iss own as a main pipe or conduit 23 leading from some source, such as afilter, for example, and this pipe passes through a Venturi arrangement24, and is connected to a. valve 25, which is shown of the balancedtype. The pipe 26 is connected to the valve 25 to discharge the fluidinto a clear well, for instance. Valve 25 has a stem 27 passing througha suitable packing joint 28 into a diaphragm chamber 29, and isconnected to a weighted diaphragm 30. The lower partof the diaphragmchamber 31 is joined to the pipe 6, so as to be sub- K ject to thepressure of the water or other fluid therein, while the upper chamber 321s 'oined through pipe 33 to an annular chamer 34, or e uiv ent, aroundthe pipe 23, and connected t ereto by suitable openings 35. The lowerchamber 31 is connected through pipe 36 to an annular chamber 37 orequivalent, around the constricted portion of the venturi 24, to theinterior of which it is joined by suitable openings 38. The flow ofwater through pipe 36 is controlled by a balanced piston valve 39, whichis regulated by a flexible diaphragm 40. The annular chamber 34 isconnected to the space 41 on one side of the diaphragm 40 and. thechamber 37 is connected to the other space. The pipe leading from thechamber 37 to the space 42 and the conduit 36, through the valve 39,also has a constriction 43.

With the construction described, the operation will be as follows: Withany pressure head, such as P, acting on the top of diaphra 30 it willrequire some greater pressure plus K to overcome the weight and pressuretending to force the valve 25 down. As long'as the pressure in chamber31 of the diaphragm 30 is less than this limiting pressure P plus K, thevalve 25 will be closed and no water wilhfiow through the pipe 23 fromthe filter. v

To transmit the desired flow from the filter,

the operator will open the throttling valve 14, v

' governed rate of flow entering the actuating pipe 6, and making itspressure felt on the lower side of diaphra 30, and upon the upper sideof which diap ragm, the pressure at the approach to the venturi 24 isapplied through pi e 33, and the weight of the moving parts 0? thediaphragm 30 and the throttle 25 are acting to close said throttle; withany pressure, as P at the level 211, it will require some greaterpressure, as P plus K or P plus K to overcome the weight and cause flowto pass though the throttle 25 at all, and as soon as such flow startsto pass this throttle, a proportional flow theretowill be supplied tothe orifice 43; by the action of dlaphragm 40, the pressure under thediaphragm 30 will always be sufiicient to thus supply such aproportional flow.

In this way a set rate of flow is introduced to the pipe 6 passing underthe diaphragm 30,

and withdrawing from under the diaphragm 30 a flow proportional towhatever main flow is passing the throttle 25; it therefore follows thatif the rates of ingress and egress to and from the chamber 31 are equal,the diaphragm will be maintained stationary, and if the ingress exceedsthe egress, the diaphragm will be moved upwardly and it will be moveddownwardly if the ingress is less than the egress.

If there is much diflerence between the respond to the regulated or setflow coming,

through the actuating pipe 6, the diaphragm 40 will refuse to pass morethan a proportional flow to the orifice 43, and the diaphragm 30 will beforced upwardly to its extreme position wherein the throttle 25 will becaused to take a wide open position, and the actuating flow pipe 6 W111fi 1 above the level L up into the vent and sight tube 212, thus puttingadditional back pressure on the orifice 19 and reducing the flow throughit, but even under such conditions, the meter M will record and themanometer 20 will indicate the actual rate of flow in the main lineconduit 23. v

The whole operation of the filter therefore, to open or close or set anyrequired rate or throw to any governed rate, is effected by manipulationof valves 14 and 12, and its effect is indicated at manometer 20. Thismakes a very simple, cheap, but highly eflicient and accurate flow ratecontroller, and in which over-reaching is actually prevented.

The system of Fig. 1 represents one unit of what may be a multi-unitcontrol s stem. A flow from the source S is metered y the meter 2 andenters tank 1, its entrance being regulated by the float 5 operating thevalve 4 to maintain a constant level or pressure 5 in tank 1 actingonpipe 6 and-7, from which any number of small flows may be drawn. Thepipe 8 takes off one of., said small flows through the meter M Dischargefrom this meter can be hand regulated to any amount by adjustment ofneedle valve 14, to sh'ow'any desireddischarge through the orifice 19 onthe manometer 20, and any rate set will 'remain constant as long asthere is a free overflow at level L from pipe 9 Because the pressure atthe entrance of pipe 8 is constant, the resistance to flow for any ivenposition of valve 14 is constant for pipe ine meter and setting of valve14 and for orifice 19 and the resistance on the discharge side oftheorifice 19 is constant at atmospheric pressure at dominate the pressureapproachin orifice 19, while atmospheric pressure at leve L of overflowof pipe 9 will dominate the pressure on the discharge side of saidorifice. Therefore, by the manipulation of the valve 14, any desiredrate offlow can be caused to overflow at level L, or by closing 14 andopening 12 said overflow can be caused to be governed by any masterressure in 17. This overflow escapes througr pipe 6 into the actuatingpressure system 6-3136. A pressure of water exists on pipe 23 equal toany pressure P, an outlet exists at 26 of lower pressure and thethrottling valve 25 closed by the wei ht of its parts until the pressureunder iaphragm 30 exceeds the pressure over said diaphragm by a certainamount K, prevents flow from 23 to 26. Any given rate of fiow enteringpipe 6 will fill system 6-3136 to level K plus P, and then begin to liftdiaphragm 30 and open valve 25 which starts flow from 23 to 26. Whensuch flow starts, a roportional flow thereto is set up through t 1eorifice 43 by the action of diaphragm 40 as covered in my introducedproportional flow case the valve 39 moved by the diaphragm 40 to admitflow from 36 to maintain the pressure on approach of orifice 43 equal topressure at approach 34 to restriction 38. So long as the flow entering6 is greater than the flow escaping at orifice 43, the water willaccumulate in 31 and the valve 25 will be more and more opened. Thediaphragm 30 being a weighted diaphragm will start to open at somepressure P plus K. and will require an increasing pressure as it is moreand more ppcned up, to some higher pressure P plus 1 when it is fully oened. When fiow first starts into 6 and reaclies level above P, it willclose valve 39, if same should happen to be open, to practically nodischarge, so that all of the approaching flow through 6 will accumulateunder 30 in chamber 31 starting to open valve 25 rapidly. By the time 25is open enough to create a flow at restriction 38 and through orifice 43that consumes 1/2 of the flow a proaching from 6 the rate of openingwill lie only one-half as fast. When 9/10 of the flow from 6 is taken asa proportional flow through 43, then only 1/10 of said flow will beoperating to lift valve 25, etc., until the whole of said flow isabsorbed by orifice 43 as a proportional flow when more of it will beavailable to open 25 further,

- and the amounts of water entering and leaving the actuating pressuresystem will be equal, and the diaphragm 30 frozen in the positionrequired to maintan this rate of flow.

If the pressure at 23 or 26 changes, and thereby changes the rate offlow for this position of valve 25, then the fiow drawn through orifice43 will change proportionate ly, and the storage under diaphragm 31 willbe increased or reduced to restore the rate of main flow 23-36 to therate of flow entering at 6. The closing of the valve 14 or 12 supplyingpipe 6 wil reverse the above descrlbed procedure. The water stored in 631-36 will be drawn upon for a proportional flow while the valve 25 isclosing until said valve is closed when no flow from 23 to 26 willexist, and no supply for a proportional flow will be available. a

If for any reason the flow 2326 is not suflicient to utilize the flowentering 6 the valve 39 rejects the excess flow and heads theapproaching flow in 6 back over the overflow level of pipe 9 at L, andif no flow exists at 2326 then 6 will fill vent tube above orifice 19 tolevel 5 and a flow will also exist through meter M Under all conditionsthe aggregate of the flow through M is proportional to theaggregate ofthe flow 2326, and the meter and recording device M and the indicatingdevice 20 on the small flow will measure and record the aggregate mainflow and indicate the rate of main flow which it will obtain andmaintain. The meter M measures not only the fiow to this individualfilter, but may supply and measure flow to any number of similarlgoverned filters and that any flow passing 1 must therefore integratethe output from all filters so actuated, since no flow can escape fromsource S except to maintain the constant level 5 in tank 1 nor escapefrom said tank 1, except as a proportional flow to a flow through theone or more controllers actuated by it.

In the system of Fig. 2, proportional fiow regulation is associated'with a means for accomplishing the regulation of pressure and containsmeans for metering at constant pressure, and which is adaptable forregulating the flow or pressure of gas and metering the fiow of gas atconstant pressure.

In this figure, I have shown a specific embodiment of my inventionwherein a governing arrangement is provided comprising a by-passedproportional flow as of a gas maintaining a constant pressure in a mainflow, and which proportional flow may be measured at a constantpredetermined pressure. In the system of Fig. 2, any varying highpressure P, is first reduced in the actuating proportional by-passedflow in the conduit 53 to a constant pressure by means of a valve 54,said pressure being equal to the pressure of a 1i uid column P, whichmay be a column o mercury; at this pressure it passes the meter M givingtherefore correct measurement, at constant pressure, for a gas flow.

After passing the meter M, the pressure is further out down by a valve55 adapted to be actuated by the flow carried on the liquid column 61,which may be a column of water. Under the column of liquid 61 whichexerts a pressure on the diaphragm 62, there is exerted a counterpressure P communicated to the space below the dia hra 62 by the conduit64, the pressure bemg the pressure which it is desired to maintain equalto the pressure P exerted by the li uid column 61. The valve 55 willthere ore be moved toward, open or closed position, depending 5 uponWhether the pressure P is in the main conduit, and which communicates bya conduit 250 with the space 51 above the dia-.

phragm 50, is a greater or less pressure than the pressure P in order tomaintain any 1o necessary pressure P plus K under the actuatingdiaphragm 50 in the space 52, which may be required to maintain equalitybe by-passed proportional flow of a gas passing through the meter M andcontrolling apparatus to maintain a constant pressure in a system P, andmeasured at a constant predetermined higher pressure, the system P beinga high pressure system, the valve 54 -reduces this to a constantpressure still Well 3 above P", say P represented by the differ-- encebetween level 56 and level 58. Meter M measures flow from valve 54 atconstant pressure P, less than P and more than it which is required tobe maintained and which is equal to P where diaphragm 62 operates valveto increaseor decrease Pow entering 52 and raise or iower diaphragm 50to operate valve 46 to maintain the pressure P equal to P The get-awaythrough orifice 69-is 0 proportional to the flow through the restriction65 by the action of the diaphragm 66 and valve 68. By adjusting valve 70so that the maximum flow which it can deliver at the pressuredifiference 13-13, is not greatly 45 more than the maximum delivery thatwill :berequired through the orifice 69, this system ofpressureregulation will show a very much better characteristic asagainst overreaching than the same system if the propor- 5e tional flowget away were'eliminated and a constant rate of get away substituted.

The system'ot Fig. 3 illustrates the use of one form of rate of fiowcontrollerwhereby a pressure difference in a main conduit at Eiseparatedportions thereof is maintained 5 equal to the pressure exerted by acolumn of heavier liquid which re-acts against the said diiterence inpressure. This system is one so organized as to utilize the actuating 3pressure system to regulate the main throt tie in a fluid flow conduitto maintain a given 'difierence in pressure between points in line ofsuch fiuid'flow. Referring tothe drawing .otFig. 3, 123 is the highpressuresource, 120 65 is low pressure outlet, and valve 112 closes byits wei ht of parts so long as pressure under 111 oes not exceedpressure over 111 by some predetermined amount, K to K.

It valve V is closed 112 must be closed because the pressure on bothsides of 111 is equal. 0 en valve V, and until mercury column X egins toclosevalve 115, high pressure water will flow into pipe 116 building upa head on orifice 118 and lifting 111, thus rapidly opening valve 112.(To put system in service valve V should be opened slowly.)

When flow through valve 112 begins to create a pressure diiference X,float 113 will begin to close valve 115, entirely closing it if suchdifference in pressure exceeds X.

There is no proportioning'of the two flows in this case, and noregulation of the pressure of either flow, but just plain rate of flowregulation of the flow through valve 112 to keep the difference otpressure 124- 125 equalto X. In this regulating system the control ofthe rate of flow of a liquid,v

or of a gas in cubic feet is accomplished Without the necessity of aproportional flow, nor any definite ressure at any point, requiring onlya de ite difference of pressure which is maintained between points inline with the flow.

Fig. 4 illustrates a system of regulation employing the actuatingpressure system, and an actuating flow withdrawn from the main flow forthe regulation of the main flow to maintain it at a constant pressure.In the following description this system will be explained under theassumption that the large flow in the main conduit 120 is a gas flow,and that the so-called heavier liquid contained in the column 144 is acolumn of mercury, and that the fluid from the source S is water.

In this figure, the diaphragm 121 actuates a valve 124 to. cause thewithdrawal of a flow of gas proportional to the main fiow in the conduit120, such proportional flow passing through the orifice 122 and throughthe valve 124 and conduit 125 connecting with the'top side of thediaphragm 301 by a branch conduit 165; the diaphragm 301 is adapted tooperate the main throttle 142 to regulate the flow through the mainconduit,

said diaphragm being weighted to close the valve whenever equalpressures are exerted on its two sides, and to open the valve when thepressure above the diaphragm reaches an approximate value K less thanthe value of pressure under the diaphragm, that is, if the PIGSSUILQunder the diaphragm is desi nated as P? communicated by the conduit 12from the venturi 123, the value of ressure above 7 the diaphragm to openthe va vewill berequiredto be of a value P minus K. The diaphragm 143carries a load of relatively heavy liquid such as mercury exerting apressure on the diaphragm 143 of value P, and which diaphragm in turnoperates" the valve 129 if the pressure P exceeds the pressure P, thevalve 129 is, losed, and any flow passing through the co" duit 125operates to close the throttle 142. Whenever P is less than P, the valve129 is opened and 'permits the escape of fluid such as gas through theconduit 125 and opens the throttle 142. The throttle 142 will only beopen when the pressure over the diaphragm 301 is of a value less than Por P minus K, that is low enough to allow a proportional flow throughthe orifice 122. Therefore, there will always be a proportional flowthrough the conduit 125 to the flow through the main line, and alsothere will be a pressure P equal to P maintained on the discharge sideof the main throttle 142; if these flows are, as under the aboveassumption, gas flows, and the flow from 125 escapes to the atmospherethrough an orifice 135 in the chamber 134 above the diaphragm 136, andthere will be a as pressure on the diaphragm 136 equal to tide gaspressure on the orifice 135. The diaphragm 136 will operate to draw awater supply from the source S, through the meter 139 to maintain anequal water pressure acting on the orifice 141, and there will betherefore, by virtue of the movements of the diaphragm 136 operatin inresponse to any difierence of pressure rom the gas in the chamber 134and the water in the chamber just below the diaphra m 136 causing thevalve 302 to regulate the flow from the source S, tocreate aproportional flow of water through the valve to the gas flow through theorifice 135.

In the system as above described, the flow of water through the meter139 being thus made proportional to the flow of gas or other fluid,WhlCll ma also be water,'through the conduit 125, an since the flowthrough the conduit 125 is also proportional to the main flow throughthe conduit 120, the meter readings at 139 will give a correctmeasurement of the main flow,'bein merely to be multiplied by a givennum r to correctly show the main flow in units of weight of flow.

Fig. 5 shows another modification of my invention wherein I utilize aparallel flow proportional to a main flow, but inde endent thereof toregulate the main flow, t e main flow being metered by a meter placed inthe proportional flow, the main flow being regulated to a constantpressure.

In the system of Fig. 5, a flow from the source 150, say of Water,measured by a meter 151 placed in line with such flow, is regulated byla valve '148 to vary the position of 0. diap ragm-152, the flow beingcarried from the source 150 ,by a conduit 149 to the chamber below thedia hragm 152. The dia hragm 152 is adapt to operate the thrott e valve146 toregulate the flow through the main 145. This system employsotherdiaphragms 161 and 162, the diaphragm 161 sustaining on its upper side apressure P from the main, and the diaphra 162 having on its upper side apressure 22m the throat 303 of the venturi. The valve pistons 154 and155 are adapted under the control of the diaphragms 161 and 162 tomaintain the flow through the conduits 149 and 153, chamber 156, orifice157, chamber 158 and conduit 160, which is proportional to the flowthrough the main 145. The valve 154 controls the egress of fluid belowthe diaphragm 152 in the chamber 156 below the orifice 157, while thevalve 155 operating under the control of the diaphra m 162 controls thepassage of fluid in the c amber 158 to the discharge pipe 160. The twodia hra s 161 and 162 will therefore pass a ow t rough the pipe 149 thatis always proportional to the flow of water through the venturi, andwhile this flow is being maintained in proportional relation to the mainflow, by virtue of the controlling of said proportional actuating flowand said main flows, the valve 148 will move toward open or closedposition in res nse to the movements of the diaphragm 14 to maintain thevalve 146 in such a main fluid flow regulatin position that the pressureon the discharge si e of the throttle 146 will always be equal to thepressure exerted by the column of liquid such as mercury shown at 304,and which exerts a pressure equal to P.

In such a-system as above described, the pressure in the main may be ina different uid, and from a high pressure source, governed by the mainthrottle 146 under the control of the dia hragm 152, the escape of flowfrom under t e diaphragm 152 being in turn governed by the diaphragms161 and 162 to maintain pressures on the two sides of the orifice 157equal to the pressures at the approach 305 and the throat 303 of theventuri 305303. Thus we have a parallel proportional flow of one fluidthrough an orifice 157 acting to maintain the pressure P con stant inthe flow of another fluid as in the conduit 145, and to measure andrecord said last named flow. Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate another embodimentof my invention wherein a varying high pressure .8 reduced to alowerconstant pressure, and in the system of these figures, the returnto neutral position of a pilot valve is utilized, the return eingaccomplished under the control of the fluctuation of a heavier liquidlevel as Fig. 6, and also controlled by the use of a retractile springas illustrated in Fig. 7.

In Fig. 6 I have shown a valve 163 that is controlled by a diaphragm164, said diaphragm being subjected on its lower side to the pressure 1on the discharge and of the main conduit 165, said diaphragm beingsubjected on its upper side to the pressure of a liquid column 166. Thevalve 163 is shown as being of the gston t and is what I call a pilotvalve.

alves 0 this kind are never position, some flow will escape from thepipe 167 through the chamber 180 to exit through pipe 168, and since thechamber .180 is connected through pipe 181 to the chamber 169 under thediaphragm 182, the above structure being comprised in my actuatingpressure system of said dia hragm, it is obvious that the amount of uidin the system 180, 181, 169 will depend upon the relative rates ofingress and egress into and from said system, which will be dominated bythe position of the valve 163, and that this valve at its neutralposition as illustrated, or at about that osition, the rates of ingressand egress will be equal.

Therefore, in the system of Fig. 6 and also the same applies to that ofFig. 7, although the pilot valve of the piston type 163 does notactually admit flow into or withdraw flow from the actuating pressure sstem connected with the pipe 170 without lea age, since such a valvemust work freely and always will have leakage passing from the pipe 165through the pipe 163 to the low pressure side of the system even thoughthe valve pistons as shown a parently cover both ports, but" the actualow either in or out will be lessened and the amount entering and leavingthe actuating pressure system will be equal to one another only at aboutthe central posi-' tion of the pilot valve, and in order to cut down theresistance of the piston to motion, l[= make the ports with openingsextending alll around the pistons instead 0 only on one s1 e. I

Whenever the ressure P equal to the pressure of the liqui column 166opento atmosphere at its upper surface, is the same as the pressure P on thedischarge side of the conduit 165, the valve 163 will take theillustrated neutral position; now should the pressure P fall below thatof the pressure P, the diaphragm 164 will lower and the surface of thefluid 166 will fall from level L to level I), and the valve 163 will bemoved downwardly to pass more fluid ,through the pipe. 167', and to some'extent reducin g the the movable elements of the piston 163 to. cutdown the flow from the conduit 167 to the chamber 169 below thediaphragm 182, and to establish communication through the chamber 163between the conduits 181 leading from the chamber 169 to the conduit168.

This .will cause the diaphragm 182 to lower,

thus increasing the restriction by the throttle 171 of the flow from thehigh pressure source 165 resulting in. a drop in'pressure P to balancethe pressure exerted by the liquid column 166 of value P.

By utilizing the above means for restoring the pilot valve 163 toneutral position, it is evident that the rates of ingress and egressfrom the actuating pressure system 181, 163

may be very rapidly varied for any predetermined extent of departurefrom the desired pressure conditions, and the ingress and egress ratesof flows are instantly brou ht to equality at the moment the desiredconditions 0 pressure are reached. By means of the structure herein setforth accomplishing this desirable result, over-reaching is preventedand a smooth, steady, continuous control over the pressure P maintainingit constant in spite of large and re id fluctuations of higher pressureon the supp y side of the conduit 165, and rapid and violentfluctuations of the diaphragm 164 are dampened contributing to theelimination of over-reaching.

Fig. 7 illustrates a system identical with that of Fig. 6 except thatthe surface 183 of the liquid column 177 is of larger area than that ofthe column 166 of Fig. 6, and also a mechanism comprisinga spring 172adapted to engage at 174 and 175, a pivoted arm 173 which may becounterbalanced at 184 and which is pivotally connected at 185 to a rod17 4 secured to the mid-point of the diaphragm 164.

In the system of Fig. 7, the spring 172 is itself in neutral positionand having no effect whatever on the diaphragm operating valve 163 whensaid valve itself is in neutral position; the function of the springx isto exert a pressure in either direction to return the valve topractically'neutral position when'the pressures under and. over thediaphragm 164: are nearly equal ;;,instead of allowing said diaphragmvtorise rapidly and greatly when the I pressure under it is greater thanthe pressure over it, and to fall too rapidly and too far when thepressure under it is less than the fluid pressure P, which otherwisemight tend to cause overreaching in the government of the main throttle,or too violent motion there of, as pointed out hereinbefore. The. spring172 comes into eflect when the valve 163 leaves its neutral position.Thus when the neutral position of the valve 163 is departed from to anygreat extent, and maximum amount of corrective effort is applied tothevalve and the amount of the corrective effort is gradually decreased tozero when thecorrection is eflected instead of having the cor-' rectedeflort working practically at its maximum effect until it has slightlyexceeded the corrective eflect desired, and then instantly starting towork with equally large eflect in the opposite direction as mightotherwise be the case without the provision of the instrumentalitiesherein provided.

By comparing the systems of Figs. 6 and 7, it will be noted that thearea of the surface of liquid 166 in Fig. 6, not employing a spring, issmaller than that of the liquid surface 183 of the liquid 177 of Fig. 7which contains a spring, each of these instrumentalities accomplishingsubstantially the same effect. The spring shown in Fig. 7 is never incompression nor tension when the valve is in neutral position, but ineither system the diaphragm is neither weighted or spring resisted atits neutral position. However, in the system herein disclosed I mightemploy weighted or spring resisted diaphragms to a better effect thancould be done in systems of other design, but this would not give asgood a result as the use of theequal fluid pressure diaphragm hereinshown, the difference being in the degree of accuracy capable ofbeingsecured Having thus described my invention in its so diflerentphases in a plurality. of "embodiments, I amaware that numerous andextensive departures may be made from the embodiments herein illustratedand described, but without departing from the spirit of my '36invention.

I claim: I 1. In a fluid system, a conduit adapted to ass a fluid flow,a balanced throttling valve in said conduit, said valve being weighted,a fluid containin cell, a movable wall for the said cell, said wa lcontrolling, the movement of the said valve, 'a second conduit for fluidflow adapted to convey an actuating flow of fluid, regulating means forthe said actuating flow, fluid pressure actuated mechanism adapted to beoperated under control of pressure from the main flow, controlling thesaid actuating flow whereby the said actuatin flow is maintainedproportional to the sai main flow, said actuating flow being adaptedmovable wall to causeit to open the said valve, 'according to the fluidpressure exerted by the said actuating flow in the said cell.

pass a fluid flow, a throttlin valve in said conduit, a fluid containingce 1, a movable wall for the said cell, said wall controlling themovement of the said valve, a second conduit for fluid flow adapted toconvey an actuatin flow of-fluid, re lating means for the said actuatinflow, uid pressure actuated mech anism a apted to be operated undercontrol of pressure from the main flow, controlling the said actuatingflow whereby the said actuto pass through the said cell to move thesaid.

2. In a fluid system, a conduit adapted to,

ating flow is maintained proportional to the said main flow, saidactuatm flow being adapted to pass through the sai cell to move the saidmovable wall to cause it to open the said valve, according to the fluidpressure exertled by the said actuating flow in the said cel 3. In afluid system, a conduit adapted to pass a fluid flow, a throttling valvein said conduit, a fluid containing cell, a movable wall for the saidcell, said wall controlling the movement of the said valve, a secondconduit for fluid flow adapted to convey an actuating flow of fluid, relating means for the said actu'atin flow uid pressure actuated mechanisma apted to be operated under control of pressure from the main flow,controlling the said actuating flow whereby the said actuating flow ismaintained proportional to the said main flow, said actuating flow beingadapted to pass through the said cell to move the said movable wall tocause it to open the said valve, according to the fluid pressure exertedby the said actuating flow in the said cell, a means to communicate aressure from the said main flow to the opposite side of the said movablewall, to oppose the action of the said actuating flow pressure upon thesaid wall.

4. In a fluid system, a conduit adapted to pass a fluid flow, athrottling valve in said conduit, a fluid containin cell, a movable wallfor the said cell, sai wall controlling the movement of the said valve,a second conduit for fluid flow adapted to convey an actuating flow offluid, regulating means for the said actuating flow, fluid pressureactuated mechanism adapted to be operated under control of pressure fromthe main flow. controlling the said actuating flow whereby the saidactuating flow is maintained proportional to the said main flow, saidactuating flow being adapted to pass through the said cell to move thesaid movable wall to cause it to open the said valve, according to thefluid pressure exerted by the said actuating flow in the said cell, andcontrolling means adapted to control the pressure of said actuatin flow.

5. In a fluid system, a conduit adapted to pass a fluid flow, athrottling valve in said conduit, 9. fluid containing cell,-a movablewall for the said cell, said wall controlling the movement of the saidvalve, a second conduit for fluid flow adapted to convey an actuatingflow of fluid, regulating means for the sai actuating flow, fluidpressure actuated mechanism adapted to be operated under control ofpressure from the main flow, controlling the said actuating flow wherebythe said actuating flow is maintained proportional to the said main'flow, said actuati flow being adapted to pass through the sai cell tomove the said movable wall to cause itto open the said valve, accordingto the fluid pressure exerted by the said actuating flow in the saidpressure regulating means according to the pressure of fluid in thesecond flow to regulate the pressure of fluid in said main flow.

7. In a fluid system a main flow of fluid,-

a second fluid flow, fluid flow regulating means adapted to variablyrestrict the second flow to maintain proportionality between the saidflows, re ulating means operable by pressure of the uid at a point inthe regulated flow of the second cmduit adapted to regu- .late thepressure of fluid at a point in the said main flow, and metering meansto measure the 'saidsecond fluid flow.

8. In a fluid system, the combination with a main conduit, a branchingconduit adapted to convey a flow b -passed therefrom, between points ofditi ering pressures, a plurality of valves controlling the saidby-passed flow, one of said valves operating under the control ofpressure in the said branching.

to conducta fluid flow, means to communiconduit at a point on the outletside of said valve, adapted to variably lower the pressure in the saidbranching conduit to maintain it at a constant pressure, a throttlevalve in the said main conduit, said throttle valve having a memberactuated by opposing fluid pressures, controlling means for a second oneof said valves adapted to maintain the flow through the said branchingconduit proportional to the flow through the said main conduit, pressureoperated means, operable by pressure derived from the outlet side of thesaid throttle valve adapted to operate another of said valves in thesaid branching conduit and a pressure cell having a movable wall.

9. In a fluid system, a main conduit, a throttle valve for the saidconduit, a bypass ing conduit adapted to convey fluid around the saidthrottle valve, a second valve controlling the'flow through the saidby-passing conduit, said last named valve being responsive todifferences in pressures exerted by the fluid at a point in the mainconduit, and that exerted by the fluid at a point in the by-passconduit, fluid pressure operated means for ac; mating the said throttlevalve, said means being variably operable according to the varyingpressure of fluid in the so-controlled bypassing conduit flow.

10. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, asecondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member differentially operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to communicate oppos mg pressures to bothsaid cells, said balance member adapted to control the flow through saidsecond conduit, said regulating valve being operable under the controlof pressure in-the said second conduit, one of said communicatedpressures being derived from the fluid flow inthe main conduit.

11. In a fluid system, a main conduit ada ted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating va ve 1n the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member difl'erentially operative byopposing pressures I in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow throughsaid second conduit, said regulating valve being operable under thecontrol of pressure in the said second-conduit, one of said communicatedpressures being derived from the fluid flow in the main conduit, and theother said opposing pressure being derived from said second conduitfluid flow.

12. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapt ed to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, va secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member diiferentially operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted tweenpoints of different pressures in the main conduit.

' 13. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapt- "ed to convey a fluidflow, a regulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, asecond fluid pressure cell, a balanced member differentially operativeby opposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapt-- edtoconduit afluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to-control the flow throughsaid second conduit, said regulating valve being operable under thecontrol of pressure in the said second conduit, one of said communicatedpressures being derived from the fluid flow in the main conduit, theother said opposing pressure being derived from said second conduitfluid flow, and said second conduit being adapted to convey a divisionalflow of said main'conduitflow, between points of diflerent pressures inthe main conduit. I

14. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in' the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member differentially operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to communicate opposin pressure to both saidcells, said he ance member adapted to control the flow through saidsecond conduit, said regulating valve being operable under the controlof pressure in the said second conduit, one of said communicatedpressures being derived from the fluid flow in the main conduit, saidsecond conduit being adapted to convey a divisional flow of said mainconduit flow, between points of difierent pressures in the main conduit,means comprising said balanced member adapted to maintainproportionality between both the said flows.

15. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member differentially operative bopposing pressures in the said cells, a secon conduit adapted to conducta fluid flow, means to communicate opposin pressures to both said cells,said balance member adapted to control the flow through said secondconduit, means comprising said balanced member adapted to maintainproportionality between both the said flows, means operative responsiveto pressure of fluid at a point in the second consecond fluid pressurecell, a

duit to operate said regulating valve.

16. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapt} ed to convey a fluid flow,a regulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pr ssure cell, a secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member differentially operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow throughsaid second conduit, said regulating valve being operable under thecontrol of pressure in the said second conduit, said second conduitadapted to convey a fluid pressure from a source at higher pressure to arelatively lower pressure point in the said main conduit.

17. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid ressure cell, a secondfluid pressure cell, a alanced member differentially o erative byopposing ressures in the said ce ls, a second conduit a apted to conducta fluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to both saidcells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow through saidsecond conduit, said re ulating valve being variably operative un er thecontrol of opposing fluid pressures comprising said second conduit flowpressure and said main flow pressure, one of said communicated pressuresbein derived from the fluid flow in the main con uit.

18. In a fluid stem, a main conduit ada ted to convey a uid flow, aregulating va ve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a

alanced member difl'erentially o rative by opposing ressures in the saidce s, a second conduit adhpted to conduct a fluid flow, means tocommunicate opposin pressures to both said cells, said balance memberadapted to control the flow through said second conduit, said re latingvalve being variably operative un er the control of opposing fluidpressures comprising said second conduit flow pressure and said mainflow pressure one of said communicated pressures being derived from thefluid flow in the main conduit, the other said opposing pressure beingderived' from said second conduit fluid flow.

19. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluid ressure cell, a balanced member differential operative by opposingpressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted to conduct a fluidflow, means to communicate opposing pressures to both said cells, saidbalanced member adapted to control the flow through said second conduit,said regulating valve bein variably 0 erative under the control 0opposing uid pressures comprising said second conduit flow pressure andsaid main flow pressure,

one of said communicated pressures being derived from the fluid flow inthe main conduit, the other said opposing ressure beingderived from saidsecond con uit fluid flow, said second conduit being adapted to convey adivisional flow of said main conduit flow, between points of differentpressures in the main condut.

20. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluid ressure cell, a balanced member differential o rative by opposingpressures in the said ce ls, a second conduit adapted to conduct afluidflow, means to communicate opposing pressures to both said cells, saidbalanced member adapted to control the flow through said second conduit,said regulating valve bein variably aperative under'the control 0%opposing uid pressures comprising said second conduit flow pressure andsaid main flow pressure, one of said communicated pressures beingderived from the-fluid flow in the main conduit, the other said opposingressure being derived from said second con uit fluid flow, said secondconduit bein adapted to convey a divisional flow of sai main conduitflow, between points of difi'erent pressures in the main conduit, andmeans comprising said balanced member adapted to maintainproportionality between both the said flows.

21. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure.

pressures in the said cells a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluidflow, means to communicate opposing pressures to both/said cells, saidbalanced member adapted to control the flow through the said secondconduit, said regulating valve bein variably o rative under the control0 opposing uid pressures comprising said second conduit flow pressureand said main flow pressure, and means comprising said balanced memberadapted to maintain both the said, flows.

22. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluid ressure cell, a balanced member differential operative by opposingpressures in the sai cells, a second conduit adapted to conduct a fluidflow, means to communicate opposing pressures to both said cells, saidbalanced member adapted to control the flow through said second conduit,

' ative under the control of opposing said regulating valve beinvariably b erative under the control 0 opposing uid pressures comprisingsaid second conduit flow pressure and said main flow pressure, saidsecond conduit adapted to convey a fluid pressure froma source at higherpressure to a relatively lower pressure point in the said main conduit.

23. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluidpressure cell, a secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member difi'erentiall operative byopposing pressures in the sai cells, a second conduit adapted to conducta fluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to both said cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow through said secondconduit,

said regulating valve being variablyoperative under the control ofopposing fluid pressures comprising said second conduit ow pressure andsaid main flow pressure, one of said communicated. pressures beingderived from the fluid flow in the main conduit, the other said opposingressure being derived from said second con uit fluid flow, said secondconduit adapted to convey a fluid pressure from a source at higherpressure to a relatively lower pressure point in the said main conduit.T

2%. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valrve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluldpressure cell, a balanced membertliiiererrtially operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow throughsaidsecond conduit, said regulating valve being variably 0 e15 pressurescomprising A said second conduit proportionality between 1 flow pressureand said main flow regulated pressure, one of sa1d communicatedpressures being derived from the fluid flow in the main conduit, theother said opposing pressure being derived from said second conduitfluid 7o 25. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluidflow, a regulating valve in-the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, asecond fluid pressure cell, a balanced 1 I cells, said balanced memberadapted to con- 0 trol, the flow through said second conduit, saidregulating valve being variably 0 erative under the control of opposingpressure, one of said communicated pressures being derived from thefluid flow in the main conduit, the other said opposing pressure beingderived from said second conduit fluid flow,

said second conduit being adapted to convey a divisional flow of saidmain conduit flow,

between points of different pressures in the main conduit.

26. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid'flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressurem cell, a secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member diflerentially operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to 1 communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow throughsaid second conduit, said regulating valve being variably operativeunder the control of opposing fluid pressures comprising said secondconduit flow pressure and sa1d main flow regulated pressure, one of sa1dcommunicated pressures bemg derived from the fluid flow in the mainconduit, the other said opposing no pressure being derived from saidsecond conduit fluid flow, said second conduit being adapted to convey adivisional flow of said main conduit flow, between points of differentpressures in the main conduit, and E15 means comprising said balancedmember adapted to maintain proportionality between both the said flows.

27. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating 12o valve in the main conduit, a fluid" pressure cell, asecond fluid pressure cell, a balanced member difierentially operativeby opposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, meansto communicate-opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the fiow throughsaid second conduit, said regulating valve being variably operativeunder the control of opposing fluid uid pressures comprising said secondconduit flow pressure and sa1d mam flow regulated 85 pressurescomprising said second conduit flow pressure and said main flowregulated pressure, and means comprising said balanced member adapted tomaintain proportionality between both the said flows.

28. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a main flow, athrottle 'valve in the said conduit for regulating the pressures in thesaid cells increases, throttle valve actuatingiapparatus responsive tothe different fluid flow restricting positions of the said second valve,whereby said throttle valve will move toward closing position when saidsecond valve is moved toward wide open position, and means forcommunicating differing fluid pressures to the said cells.

29. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a main flow, athrottle valve in the said conduit for regulating the said flow, a pairof fluid pressure cells, a movable element for said cells adapted to bemoved responsive to a diflerence in pressures in the said cells, asecond conduit adapted to convey a second fluid flow. a governing valvein the said second conduit operating under the control of the saidmovable element, said governing valve controlling the operation of thesaid throttle valve, a pair of pressure communicating duets leading tothe said cells, one of said ducts being adapted to communicate fluidpressure to one of said cells from a point in the said main conduit,means to communicate a pressure through the said second duct to the saidsecond cell, pressure controlling means operable under the control ofthe movable element adapted to restore the pressures in the two cellstoward equal pressure values, upon a departure from an equality ofpressures therein.

30. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a main flow, a,throttle valve in the said conduit for regulating the said flow, a pairof fluid ressure cells, a movable element for said ce ls adapted to bemoved responsive to a diflerence in pressures in the said cells, asecond conduit adapted to convey a second fluid flow, a governing valvein the said second conduit operating under the control of the saidmovable element, said throttle valve being operated under the control ofpressure derived from the said second conduit governed flow, a pair ofpressure communicating ducts leading to the said cells, one of saidducts being adapted to communicate fluid pressure to one of said cellsfrom a point in the said main conduit, means to communicate a pressurethrou h the said second duct to the said second ce 1, ressurecontrolling'means operable under e control of the movable elementadapted to restore the pressures in the two cells toward equal pressurevalues, upon departure therefrom.

31. In fluid control systems, a conduit adapted to pass a fluid flow, athrottling valve in said conduit, a duct adapted to convey a controllingflow of fluid, a cham ber connected, to said duct, and a movable memberfor "said chamber adapted to move said valve as a function of thedifference between the rates of ingress and egress of fluid in saidchamber, said conduit and said duct being each so formed in differentportions of their length as to offer greater resistance to flow of fluidtherethrough at one point than at some other point in the path of flowtherein, and means operable to variably so restrain the flow through theduct as to substantially maintain proportionality between the 'pressuresexisting at the said points in the conduit to corresponding said pointsin the duct.

32. In fluid control systems, a conduit adapted to pass a fluid flow, athrottling valve in said conduit, a duct adapted to convey a controllingflow of fluid, a chamber connected to said duct and adapted to receiveand discharge fluid, means variably responsive according to the pressureof fluid in the chamber for moving said throttlin valve according to thedifference between t e rates of ingress and egress of fluid in saidchamber, said conduit and said duct being each so formed in differentportions of their length as to offer greater resistance to flow of fluidtherethrough at one point than at some other point in the path of flowtherein, and means operabu to variably so restrain the flow through theduct as to substantially maintain proportionality between the pressuresexisting at the said points in the conduit to corresponding of the saidpoints in the duct.

33. In fluid control systems, a conduit adapted to pass a fluid flow, athrottling valve in said conduit, a duct adapted to convey a flow offluid, a chamber adapted to re ceive and discharge fluid, said chamberbeing connected to an intermediate portion of said duct, meansresponsive to the pressure existin at any time in said chamber formoving said throttlin valve at a rate varying directly with the dierence between the rates of flow toward and from said intermediateportion, said means responsive to the effects of pressure in the chamberto eflect movement of the valve to an intermediate position relative toopened position of the valve according to the difference between theamounts of fluid flowing to and away from said intermediate portion andmeans for so controlling one of said rates of flow, as to substantiallymaintain proportionality between the rates of flows in the conduit andthe duct.

34. In .fluid control systems, a conduit adapted to pass a fluid flow, athrottling valve In said conduit, a duct adapted to con vey a flow of.fluid, a chamber adapted to receive and discharge fluid, saidchambermediate portion and means for regulating the rate of flow in theduct so as to maintain it substantially proportional to the rate of flowin said conduit, said throttling valve adapted to prevent the range ofpressuresin the conduit from exceeding the practical limits ofeflicientoperation of said rate of flow regulating meansfor the duct. 4

35. The methodof regulating a largemain flow consisting in establishinga relatively small actuatingflowfln regulating the actuating flow soasto cause it to be proportional to the main flow and separatelycontrolling the main flow by oppositely acting pressures deiiiived fromsaid main and regulated actuating ows.

36. The method of regulating a large flow consitsing in establishing arelatively small flow by subtracting it from the main flow, inmaintaining the actuating flow proportional to the main'flow andcontrolling the main flow by oppositely acting pressures derived fromsaid main and actuating flows, and directing said actuating flow intosaid main flow at a point of lower pressure than that at which it wasderived,and maintaining the joined flows at the approach to the saidpoint at sub stantially equal pressures.

37. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member differentially operative byopposing res-' sures in the said cells, a secondcond ita apted toconduct a fluid-flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow throughsaid second conduit, said regulating valve being operable under thecontrol of pressure in the said second conduit, one of said communicatedpressures being derived from the fluid flow in the main conduit, andmeans comprisin". said balanced member adapted to maintain the pressureof said flows equal to one another at one point in their pathway.

38. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid'pressure cell, a sec- 1said communicated pressures being derived from the fluid flow in themain conduit, and means comprising said balanced member adapted togovern the rate of flow of one of said flows at one point in its pathwayby the rate of flow of the other of said'flows.

39. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid ressure cell, a secondfluid ressure cell, a alanced member difl'erentia y operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to communicate opposin pressuresto both saidcells, said balanced member adapted to control the flowthrou hsaidsecond conduit, said regulating vfive being operable under thecontrolvof ressure in the said second conduit, one 0 said communicatedpressures being derived ,from the fluid flowin the main conduit, andmeans comprising said balanced member adapted to maintain said flowsproportional to one another at one point in the athway of said flows.

40. In a uid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, valve operating means controllingthe said regulating valve, a second conduit adapted to conduct a secondfluid flow, controlling means for the said second flow, said controllingmeans being operable under the control of opposing pressures to maintainan equality of pressures in the said main conduit and the said secondconduit between the flows at one point in each of said conduits, saidregulating valve operating means being variably-operable according tothe pressure in said second conduit on the approach side of said secondflow controlling means.

41. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, valve operating conduit betweenthe flows at one point in each of said conduits, said regulating valveoperating means being variably operable according to the pressure insaid second conduit on,

the approach side of said second flow con trolling means.

42. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, valve operating means controllingthe said regulating valve, a. second conduit adapted to conduct a secondfluid flow, controlling means for the said second flow, said controllingmeans being operable under the control of 0 posing pressures to maintainan equality o pressures in the said main conduit and the said secondconduit between the flows at one point in each of said conduits, saidregulating valve operating means being variably operable according tothe pressure in said second conduit on the approach side of said secondflow controlling means, such second conduit pressure being adapted tomove said valve toward open position, and means to cause such movementto be opposed by pressure communicated from said main conduit.

43. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, valve operating means controllingthe said regulating valve, a secondconduit adapted to conduct a secondfluid flow, controlling means for the said second flow, said controllingmeans being oparable under the control of opposing pressures to maintainan equality of pressures in the said main conduit and the said secondconduit between the flows at one point in each of said conduits, saidregulating valve operating means being variably operable according tothe pressure in said second conduit on the approach side of said secondflow controlling means, such second conduit pressure belng adapted tomove said valve toward open position, and means to cause such movementto be opposed by pressure communicated from said main conduit, on thedischarge side of said valve.

44. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, valve operating means controllingthe said regulating valve, a second conduit adapted to conduct a secondfluid flow, controlling means for the said second flow, said controllingmeans being operable under the control of opposing pressures to maintaina constant pressure in the said main conduit, said regulating valveoperating means being variably operable according to the pressure insaid second conduit on the approach side of said second flow controllingmeans, such second conduit pressure being adapted to move said valvetoward open position, and means to cause such movement to be opposed bypressure communicated from said main conduit.

45. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, valve operating means controllingthe said regulating valve, a second conduit adapted to conduct a secondfluid flow, controlling means for the said second flow, said controllingmeans being operable under the control of opposing pressures to maintaina constant pressure in the said main conduit, said regulating valveoperating means being variably operable according to the pressure insaid second conduit on the approach side of said second flow controllingmeans, such second conduit pressure being adapted to move said valvetoward open position, and means to cause such movement to be opposed bypressure com municated from said main conduit, on the discharge side ofsaid valve.

46. In a fluid syst m, a main conduit adapted to convey a 1 'd flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, valve operating means controllingthe said egulating valve,

a second conduit adapted o conduct a sec ond fluid flow, controllingmeans for the said second flow, said controlling means being operableunder the control of opposing pressures to maintain an equality ofpressures in the said main conduit and the said second conduit betweenthe flows at one point in each of said conduits, said regulating valveoperating means being variably operable according to the rate of flow insaid second conduit on the approach side of said second flowcontrollingmeans, such second conduit pressure being adapted to move said valvetoward open position, and means to cause such movement to be opposed bypressure communicated from said main conduit.

47. In a fluid flow regulating system, the combination with a firstconduit for fluid flow under pressure, a first throttling valve in saidconduit, said valve being differentially responsive to a plurality ofpressures one of which being a regulating ressure, said valve beingmoved to different tlbw throttling positions according to the value ofthe regulating pressure, a second conduit for flow of fluid which exertsat least at one point therein, a pressure of value equal to saidregulating pressure, a second throttling valve in said second conduit, afluid division diflerentially movable responsive to a departure fromequality of fluid pressures on its two sides, valve means responsive tomovement of said division to vary the pressure exerted on at least oneside of said division, to restore the equality of fluid pressures actingon said division, one of said pressures being at all times equal to thepressure at one point in one of said conduits.

48. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member differentially operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow throughsaid second conduit,

said regulating valve being operable under 49. In a fluid system, a mainconduit.

adapted to convey a fluid flow, a regulating valve in the main conduit,a fluid pressure cell, a second fluid pressure cell, a balanced 5 memberdifferentially operative by opposing pressure in the said cells, asecond conduit adapted to conduct a fluid flow, means to communicateopposing pressures to both vsaid cells, said balanced member adapted'tocontrol the flow through said second conduit,

said regulating valve being variably operative under the control ofopposing fluid pressures comprising said second conduit flow pressureand said main flow pressure,

said second conduit being adapted to convey adivisional flow of saidmain conduit flow, between points-of different pressures in the mainconduit.

50. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a'secondfluid pressure cell, a balanced member differentially operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow throughsaid second conduit, said regulating valve being variably operativeunder the control of opposing fluid pressures comprising said 'secondconduit flow pressure and said main flow regulated pressure, one of saidcommunicated pres- .sures being derived from the fluid flow in the mainconduit.

51. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted to convey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a secondfluid pressurecelh'a balanced member diflerentially operative byopposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduit a fluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow throughsaid second conduit, said regulating valve being variably operativeunder the control of opposing fluid pressures comprising said secondconduit flow pressure and said main flow regulated pressure, said secondconduit being adapted to convey a divisional flow of said mainconduit'flow, between points of different pressures in the main conduit.

52. In a fluid system, a main conduit adapted toconVey a fluid flow, aregulating valve in the main conduit, a fluid pressure cell, a

second fluid pressure cell, a balanced member differentially operativeby opposing pressures in the said cells, a second conduit adapted toconduct a fluid flow, means to communicate opposing pressures to bothsaid cells, said balanced member adapted to control the flow throughsaid second conduit, said regulating valve being variably operativeunder the control of opposing fluid pressures comprising said secondconduit flow pressure and said main flow regulated pressure, one of saidcommunicated pressures being derived from the fluid flow in the mainconduit, and

means comprising said balanced member adapted to maintainproportionality between both the said flows.

53. The method of regulating a fluid flow consisting in eflecting asecond fluid flow induced by a determinable head, then regulating thefirst fluid flow by a pressure derived from said second fluid flow, thenin controlling the second fluid flow by oppositely acting fluidpressures one of which is derived from the first fluid flow andmeanwhile maintaining the oppositely acting fluid pressures equal to oneanother, while continuously maintaining the rate of flow inthe saidsecond fluid flow at onepoint in its pathway proportional to theregulated fluid flow.

54. The method of regulating a fluid flow which consists in effectinganother fluid flow induced by a determinable head, in regulating saidother fluid flow to the rate of said first named flow and separatelycontrolling said first named flow by a pair of oppositely acting fluidpressures, one of which is derived from said second named flow, whilecontinuously maintaining the rate of flow in the said second fluid flowat one point in its pathway proportional to the regulated fluid flow.

55. The method of regulating a fluid flow which consists in establishinga second fluid flow induced by a determinable head, in controlling thefirst named fluid flow by a plurality of fluid pressures, one of whichis connected with said second named fluid flow and controlling saidsecond named fluid flow by two opposed fluid ressures, one of which isconnected with said first named flow and maintaining one of said opposedfluid pressures equal to the other of said opposed fluid pressures,while continuously maintaining the rate of flow inthe said second fluidflow,

at one point in its pathway proportional to the regulated fluid flow.

, 56. The method of regulating a fluid flow which consists inestablishifig a second fluid flow induced by a determinable head, incontrolling said first named flow by a plurality of pressures, one ofwhich is connected with said second named flow and controlling saidsecond named flow by two opposed fluid pressures one of which isconnected with said first named flow and the other of which is connectedwith said second named flow and maintaining the last named opposedpressure equal to the first named proposed pressure, while continuouslymaintaining the rate of flow in the said second fluid flow at one pointin its pathway proportional to the regulated fluid 57. The method ofregulating a fluid flow which consists in establishing a second fluidflow, in controlling said first named flow by a plurality of pressures,one of which is connected with said second named flow and controllingsaid second named flow by two opposed fluid pressures, one of which isconnected with said first named flow and the other of which is connectedwith said second named flow and continuously maintaining the rate offlow of the second named fluid flow at one point in its pathwayproportional to the rate of the first named fluid flow.

58. In a fluid system, a first conduit for fluid flow, a second conduitfor regulating fluid flow, a first counter-pressure element, a secondcounter-pressure element, said second counter-pressure element adaptedto be maintained in equi-poise by equal oppositely directed ressures,said two pressures being derived rom points in the two conduits, andmeans comprising said second counter-pressure element adapted to governthe second conduit to maintain'a rate of flow therein proportional tothat in the first conduit, a valve controlling the flow through thefirst conduit,

. means tending to exert a predetermined force tending to close saidvalve, means to communicate motion from said first counterpressureelement to said valve, means to comcontrol of: the opposing municate apair of opposing fluid pressures to the two sides of said firstcounter-pressure element, one of said fluid pressures being communicatedfrom said second conduit, the other being communicated from said firstconduit, said first counter-pressure element adapted to position saidvalve under the joint pressures operating upon it and the effect 0 thevalve weighting, tending to close the valve.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 17th day ofMarch, 1922.

GEORGE GOODELL EARL.

